overview
Dwarfism is a form of short stature that results from a genetic or medical disease. Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of 147 centimeters or less. The average adult height in people with dwarfism is 122 cm.
Many different diseases cause dwarfism. In general, disorders fall into two broad categories:
Disproportionate dwarfism. If the height is disproportionate, some parts of the body are small and others are average or larger than average. Disorders that cause disproportionate dwarfism inhibit bone development.
Proportional dwarfism. A body is proportionally small when all parts of the body are equally small and appear to be proportional to an average body. Disorders that occur at birth or occur in early childhood limit overall growth and development. Dwarfism treatment in hyderabad
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms – other than short stature – vary widely across the spectrum of disorders.
Disproportionate dwarfism
Most people with dwarfism have disorders that cause a disproportionately short stature. Usually this means that a person has an average trunk and very short limbs, but some people can have a very short trunk and shortened (but disproportionately large) limbs. In these disorders, the head is out of proportion to the body.
Almost all people with disproportionate dwarfism have normal intellectual abilities. Rare exceptions are usually the result of a secondary factor, such as: B. Excess fluid around the brain (hydrocephalus).
The most common cause of dwarfism is a disorder called achondroplasia, which causes a disproportionately short stature. This disorder usually results in the following: Dwarfism treatment in hyderabad
- A medium-sized chest
- Short arms and legs, with particularly short upper arms and thighs
- Short fingers, often with a large space between the middle and ring fingers
- Mobility limited to the elbows
- A disproportionate head with a protruding forehead and a flattened bridge of the nose
- Progressive development of the arched legs
- Progressive development of the swaying lower back
- An adult height of approximately 4 feet (122 cm)
The reasons
Most conditions associated with dwarfism are genetic disorders, but the causes of some disorders are unknown. Most cases of dwarfism result from a random genetic mutation in the father’s sperm or mother’s egg, rather than from the full genetic makeup of one of the parents.
Achondroplasia
About 80% of people with achondroplasia are born to medium-sized parents. One person with achondroplasia and two middle-sized parents received a mutated copy of the disease-associated gene and a normal copy of the gene. A person with the disorder can pass a mutated or normal copy on to their own children.
Complications
Complications from dwarfism related disorders can vary widely, but some complications are common across a range of conditions.
Disproportionate dwarfism
The distinctive features of the skull, spine, and limbs, common to most forms of disproportionate dwarfism, lead to common problems:
- Delays in developing motor skills such as sitting, crawling, and walking
- Frequent ear infections and risk of hearing loss
- Bend your legs
- Difficulty breathing when sleeping (sleep apnea)
- Pressure on the spinal cord at the base of the skull
- Excess fluid around the brain (hydrocephalus)
- Overcrowded teeth
- Severe progressive bending or swaying of the back with back pain or difficulty breathing
- Narrowing of the canal in the lower spine (stenosis of the spine), pressure on the spinal cord, and pain or numbness in the legs
- arthritis
- Weight gain, which can further complicate joint and spine problems and put pressure on the nerves Dwarfism treatment in hyderabad